Chapter 1:

Vocabulary

position مكانة - وظيفة half-brother اخ غير شقيق
society مجتمع coronation حفل تتويج
countess كونتيسة fashionable حديث – على الموضة
explained وضح – شرح dining car عربة الطعام فى القطار
swords سيوف borders الحدود
responsibilities مسئوليات stare at يحملق فى
opportunities فرص excitement اثارة
ambassador سفير particular بوجه خاص
embassy سفارة capital city المدينة العاصمة
promise يوعد responsible for مسئول عن
descendants احفاد castle قلعة
appearance مظهر care about يهتم بـ
royal family عائلة ملكية stepped back يتراجع للخلف
celebration احتفال the forest الغابة
decision قرار luggage عفش – امتعة السفر
joyous occasion مناسبة سعيدة moat خندق
social problems مشاكل اجتماعية mansion قصر فخم
politics علم السياسة tough قوى
journalist صحفى twins توأم
recently حديثا identical متماثل – متطابق
well known for معروف بـ personality الشخصية
wealth ثروة came out ظهر
ambition الطموح difference اختلاف
drawbridge جسر متحرك amazement دهشة


A)Questions with Model Answers
1-What did Rose blame تلوم Rudolf for? What did she suggest he should do?
She blamed him for being unemployed عاطل and for not doing anything useful. She suggested he should accept Sir Jacob Borrodaile's offer to work for him in an embassy.
2-How did Rudolf Rassendyll account for برر his being idle عاطل (unemployed)?
He said that rich families like the Rassendylls didn't need to do things. He said he had enough money to do anything he wanted.
3-Despite being jobless, عاطل Rudolf boasted تباهى of his position in society. Discuss.
(How was Rudolf like the fox borrowing the tiger's might?)(كيف رودولف مثل الثعلبِ إستعارَ قوّة النمرِ؟ )
He said that he enjoyed an important position in society as his brother was Lord Burlesdon and his sister-in-law was a countess.
4-What did Rudolf Rassendyll admit اعترف to Rose that he really was? (What did he not deny? ينكر) How did he justify برّر that?
He admitted that he was lazy. He said that rich families like the Rassendylls didn't need to do things.
5-What annoyed Rose when Rudolf was talking about his family?
He boasted of the Rassendyll family. Although Rose's family were rich, they were less important than the Rassendylls.
6-According to طبقا لـ Rudolf Rassendyll, how had he not been lazy all his life?
Or: What did Rudolf Rassendyll say about his education and his fighting skills?
He had studied hard and learned a lot when he was at a German school and university. He spoke some languages. He was good with a gun and a strong swordsman. He was very good at riding a horse.
7-According to Rose, what made a distinction يميز بين between Rudolf and his brother Robert apart fromفضلا عن Rudolf's red hair?
She said that Robert realised that his position in society had responsibilities, but Rudolf only saw opportunities in his position.
8-What news did Rose have for her brother-in-law? أخو زوجها
She said that Sir Jacob Borrodaile would offer Rudolf a real opportunity. He wanted Rudolf to work for him in an embassy.
9-Mention اذكر two reasons that influenced أثّرا على Rudolf to accept Sir Jacob Borrodaile's offer to work for him in an embassy?
First, Rose's way of asking people to do things that was impossible to refuse. Second, he thought the job sounded interesting.
11-Why did Rudolf Rassendyll's family always have an interest in Ruritania?
Because in 1733 Countess Amelia Rassendyll married a member of the Ruritanian royal family, the Elphbergs.
12-Whose paintings لوحات من did Lord Burlesdon have on his walls?
He had paintings of Countess Amelia Rassendyll and her descendants.
13-How did the relationship by marriage (affinity) المصاهرة between the Rassendylls and the Elphbergs affect the appearance of Rudolf Rassendyll?
Rudolf Rassendyll was the latest one to have the appearance of the Ruritanian royal family. He had red hair and a straight nose.
14-What did Rassendyll read that helped his decision to travel to Ruritania?
He read that Rudolf the Fifth was to become King of Ruritania in the next three weeks, and that amazing celebrations were planned for that joyous occasion. He decided to see such a fantastic event
.15-What lies الأكاذيب did Rassendyll tell Rose before his journey to Ruritania? Why did he tell her these lies?
First, he told her that he was going walking in the Alps because he did not like to tell people where he went on his travels. Second, he told her he was going to write a book about social problems in the country because he did not want her to think he was being lazy.
16-What was Uncle William's advice that Rassendyll decided to take? يعمل بها
Or: Why did Rassendyll spend 24 hours in Paris on his way to Ruritania?
Rassendyll's Uncle William always said that no man should ever pass through Paris without spending twenty-four hours in the city.
17-Who did Rassendyll call on يزور in Paris? What did they do? ما وظائفهما
He called on his old friends, George Featherly, who worked at the embassy, and Bertram Bertrand, who was a famous journalist in Paris.
18-What did Bertram Bertrand tell Rassendyll about Antoinette du Mauban?
She was a lady who was well known for her wealth and ambition.
19-What did George Featherly tell Rassendyll about the Duke of Strelsau?
He said that he was the half-brother to the King of Ruritania. He was his father's favourite son.
20-Why did Rassendyll not tell George that he was going to Ruritania?
He didn't want the newspapers to know about his going to Ruritania.
21-Who did George talk to when he went with Rassendyll to the station? What did she look like?
He talked to Antoinette du Mauban. She was a beautiful, tall and fashionably dressed lady of about thirty.
22-Why did the guards at the Ruritanian border stare at Rassendyll and his passport before letting him into the country?
Because Rassendyll looked exactly like the King of Ruritania.
23-Why did Rassendyll decide to stop at Zenda instead of بدلا من going directly to Ruritania? What would he do at Zenda?
Because the hotels in Ruritania were full with people who wanted to see the coronation. At Zenda, he could see the town's famous castle.
24-Why wasn't the old woman (the hotel owner) at Zenda interested in what happened in the capital, Strelsau?
Because she loved the Duke of Strelsau and she wished he was the new king and not his brother.
25-According to the hotel owner, why was Duke Michael popular with محبوب من many people in Ruritania unlike على عكس his brother?
Duke Michael always lived in Ruritania and he cared about the people. As for the King, he was almost a stranger. He had been abroad for most of his life and not many people even knew what he looked like.
26-What did Johann offer that Rassendyll could do? Why was Rassendyll happy to have this opportunity?
He offered that Rassendyll could stay at his sister's house in Strelsau. Rassendyll was happy because the hotels in Ruritania were full with people who wanted to see the coronation.
27-How was the Castle of Zenda well-defended?
It was well built, with a moat all around it. Behind it was a large mansion. The castle could only be reached by a drawbridge between it and the mansion.
28-Who did Colonel Sapt and Fritz work for? What did they look like?
They worked for the King of Ruritania. Colonel Sapt was short but looked very tough with light blue eyes. He looked like a soldier. Fritz was younger, thin and of medium height. He looked like a gentleman.
29-To what extent لأي مدى were Rudolf Rassendyll and the King of Ruritania alike?
They looked so alike except perhaps for a centimetre or two difference in height.

B)Quotations with Model Answers
1-"Are you ever going to do anything useful?"
1-Who said this? To whom?
Rose, to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-What was the relation between these two persons?
Rose was Rudolf's sister-in-law.
3-What did the speaker mean by "do anything useful"?
She meant that Rudolf should get a job instead of being idle.
2-"Why should I do anything? I have nearly enough money to do anything I want to."
1-Who said this? To whom?
Rudolf Rassendyll, to Rose.
2-What else did the speaker enjoy that made him unwilling غير راغب to work?
He enjoyed an important position in society.
3-What does the speaker's words reveal تكشف about his / her personality?
They reveal that he was a lazy person who liked to have an easy life.
3-"It's true. I'm a member of the Rassendyll family and our family don't need to do things."
1-Who said this? To whom?
Rudolf Rassendyll, to Rose.
2-What did the speaker admit that it was true?
He admitted that he did nothing except be lazy.
3-What was the effect of these words on the other person? Why?
These words annoyed Rose, because her family were rich but less important than the Rassendylls.
4-"It's not just your red hair that makes you different from your brother."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
Rose, to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-When did the addressed person's family start to have members with red hair?
In 1733, when Countess Amelia Rassendyll married a member of the Ruritanian royal family, the Elphbergs.
3-According to the speaker, what another difference was there between the two brothers?
Robert realised that his position in society had responsibilities, but Rudolf only saw opportunities in his position.
5-"He also realises his position in society has responsibilities. You only see opportunities in yours."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
Rose, to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-Who was the speaker comparing تقارن the addressed person with?
She was comparing Rudolf with his brother Robert. (Lord Burlesdon)
3-What was the addressed person's reply to these words?
He said that to a man like him, opportunities are responsibilities.
6-"Sir Jacob Borrodaile tells me he'll offer you a real opportunity."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
Rose, to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-What opportunity would Sir Jacob offer to the addressed person?
He would offer that Rudolf could work for him in an embassy.
3-Did the addressed person accept that offer? Why / Why not?
Yes, Rudolf accepted the offer because the job sounded interesting.
7-"Oh, Rudolf, how good of you!"
1-Who said these words?
Rose.
2-What did the speaker praise امتدحت Rudolf for?
She praised him because he accepted Sir Jacob's offer to work for him.
3-Why was the speaker angry with Rudolf a few minutes earlier?
Because he was idle and he didn't do anything useful.
8-"You are going to write a book? That would be a good thing to do."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
Rose, to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-Did that person really intend to write a book? If not, why did he claim ادعى so?
No, he didn't. Because he didn't want Rose to think he was being lazy.
3-What was the claimed المزعوم book about?
It was about the social problems in the country (in the Alps).
9-"Yes, indeed. Writing a book's the best way to get into politics."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
Robert, to his wife Rose.
2-Why should the speaker know this well?
Because he had written many books himself.
3-On what occasion في أي مناسبة (موقف) did the speaker say so?
When his brother, Rudolf, told them he was going to write a book.
10-"We've had quite a few important people visiting the city recently."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
Bertram Bertrand, to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-Which city was he referring to?
Paris.
3-Whose name of those important people did the speaker mention?
He mentioned the name of Antoinette du Mauban.
11-"She's a lady who's well known for her wealth and ambition. But she's leaving Paris today."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
Bertram Bertrand, to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-Who was that lady?
Antoinette du Mauban.
3-Why did that lady go to Paris? What was her next destination? جهة السفر
She was a guest of the Duke of Strelsau. She was going to Ruritania.
12-"I met him at the embassy yesterday."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
George Featherly, to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-Who did the speaker meet at the embassy? What did he say about that person?
He met the Duke of Strelsau. He said that he was the half-brother of the King of Ruritania. He was his father's favourite son. George thought the Duke wished he were the King.
3-What was the speaker's job?
He worked at the English embassy in Paris.
13-"Now the King's staying in a hunting lodge in the forest."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
The old woman (The hotel owner), to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-How did the addressed person feel on hearing this? What did he decide then?
He was very interested. He decided to walk in the forest the next day so that he might see the King.
3-Why did the King go there?
Because his brother, Duke Michael, had invited him.
14-"I wish he'd stay there in the forest. People say he only likes hunting and good food."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
The old woman (The hotel owner), to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-Why did the speaker not like the person she was talking about?
Because he was almost a stranger. He had been abroad for most of his life and not many people even knew what he looked like.
3-What else ما الشيئ الآخر did she wish that person to do?
She wished he would let the Duke become their King.
15-"I don't know if you can be good friends if you want the same thing."
1-Who said this? To whom?
The old woman (The hotel owner), to Rudolf Rassendyll.
2-What did the speaker mean by these words?
She meant that both the King and the Duke wanted to be King of Ruritania, so they could be enemies, not friends.
3-According to the addressed person, who had the right to الحق في that thing?
Rassendyll thought it was the older brother's right to become king.
C)Find the mistake in each of the following sentencesand correct it
1-Rassendyll read about the coronation in a magazine.
Rassendyll read about the coronation in a newspaper
2-Rudolf Rassendyll was Robert's cousin.
Rudolf Rassendyll was Robert's brother
3-Rassendyll was good with a gun and strong tradesman .
Rassendyll was good with a gun and strong swordsman .
4-Amelia urged ~ Rassendyll to do something useful.
Rose urged Rassendyll to do something useful •
5-Jacob Borrodaile was going to be an ambassador in seven weeks' time.
Jacob Borrodaile was going to be an ambassador in six weeks' time •
6-Rassendyll would accept the job even if it is in a good embassy.
Rassendyll would accept the job even if it is in a terrible embassy •
7-Rassendyll had paintings of Amelia and her descendants on his walls.
Robert had paintings of Amelia and her descendants on his walls •.
8-Jacob knew the country where he was going to work.
Jacob didn't know the country where he was going to work• ,
9-Rassendyll told the family he was going walking in Ruritania .
Rassendyll told the family he was going walking in the Alps .
10-Rassendyll would spend a night in London.
Rassendyll would spend a night in Paris.
11-Rassendyll went to Ruritania by plane .
Rassendyll went to Ruritania by train} .
12-Rassendyll hoped to see Amelia in the train.
Rassendyll .hoped to see Antoinette in the train} •
13-The border guards stared at Rassendyll and his card for some time.
The border guards stared at Rassendyll and his passport for some time •
14-The newspaper said the King's coronation would be in four days' time.
The newspaper said the King's coronation would be in two days' time •
15Antoinette de Mauban was taking the train from Paris to Zenda.
Antoinette de Mauban was taking the train from Paris to Strelsau .
16-The King was staying in a hunting lodge in the desert.
The King was staying in a hunting lodge in the forest.
17-Johann invited Rassendyll to stay at his brother's house in Strelsau .
Johann invited Rassendyll to stay at his sister's house in Strelsau •
18-Rassendyll decided to have a walk in the- forest so that he might see the Duke.
Rassendyll decided to have a walk in the forest so that he might see the King .
19-The old hotel could only be reached by a drawbridge between it and the mansion .
The old castle could only be reached by a drawbridqe between it and the mansion •
20-Rassendyll and the King looked like different twins ..
Rassendyll and the King looked like identical twins •
Exercises
A)Answer the following questions:
1-What did Rose complain تشكو about concerning her brother-in-law, Rudolf?
2-How did Rudolf Rassendyll have a tendency نزعة / ميل to be lazy?
3-Although Rassendyll and Rose belonged to the same upper class, الطبقة الارستقراطية Rose was offended جرحت مشاعرها by his words. Discuss.
4-What do you know about Rassendyll's education?
5-What skills did Rassendyll have?
6-According to Rose, Rudolf and Robert were different not only in appearance but also in personality. Discuss.
7-What real opportunity would Sir Jacob Borrodaile offer to Rassendyll?
8-Why did Rassendyll accept Sir Jacob Borrodaile's offer to work for him? Give two reasons.
9-What did Rassendyll tell Rose about taking the job even if it were in a terrible embassy?
10-What did Rassendyll plan to do in the six months before the new job would start?
11-What old relationship was there between the Rassendylls and the Elphbergs?
12-Rudolf Rassendyll was the latest one in his family to have the appearance of the Ruritanian royal family. Discuss.
13-What helped Rassendyll's decision to visit Ruritania after he had read The Times newspaper?
14-Why did Rassendyll not like to tell Rose that he was going to Ruritania?
15-What made Rassendyll claim يدّعي that he was going to write a book about social problems in the country?
16-What did Robert tell his brother Rudolf about writing a book?
17-What did Uncle William always say about visiting Paris?
18-Who did Rassendyll call on when he went to Paris?
19-What did Bertram Bertrand tell Rassendyll about Antoinette du Mauban?
20-Who did George Featherly meet at the embassy in Paris? What did he tell Rassendyll about him?
21-Who was the important person that travelled in the same train with Rassendyll? What did she look like?
22-Why was Rassendyll surprised when the guards checked his passport at the Ruritanian border?
23-Why did Rassendyll decide to stop at Zenda on his way to Ruritania?
24-Why did the hotel owner love Duke Michael more than his brother?
25-According to the old woman (the hotel owner), what did many Ruritanian people wish concerning بخصوص the new king?
26-Why did the King of Ruritania go to the Duke's land? Where was the King staying there?
27-Why were the guards at the Ruritanian border, Johann, Sapt and Fritz amazed as soon as they set eyes on وقع بصرهم على Rassendyll?
28-What favour did Johann offer to do Rassendyll? Why was Rassendyll very happy to have that opportunity?
29-Why did Rassendyll decide he wanted to see the forest?
30-Why was Rassendyll pleased when he saw the Castle of Zenda?

B)Read the following quotations and then answer the questions:
1-"And I enjoy an important position in society."
1-Who said this? To whom?
2-What important position did the speaker mean?
3-What did that important position make the speaker not want to do?
2-"She's angry because she thinks I don't do anything."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
2-Who were they talking about?
3-What did "she" want the speaker to do in particular? تحديدا
3-"To a man like me, opportunities are responsibilities."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
2-Why did the speaker say so?
3-What did the speaker mean by, "a man like me"?
4-" He's going to be an ambassador in six months' time, and he says he's happy for you to work for him."
1-Who said this? To whom?
2-Who was going to be an ambassador?
3-What was the addressed person's reply to that offer? Why?
5-"Sir Jacob doesn't know which country it will be, but he's sure it'll be a good embassy."
1-Who said these words? To whom?
2-What was the addressed person going to do in that embassy?
3-What was the addressed person's comment when he heard this?
6-"He probably wishes he were the King. I don't think he likes being a Duke."
1-Who said this? To whom?
2-Which Duke were they talking about?
3-In which city did this conversation take place?
7-"Well I don't like Duke Michael."
1-Who said this? To whom?
2-Why did the speaker say so?
3-How did one of the listeners have a different opinion of Duke Michael?
8-"I feel sorry for the Duke, but it's right that the older brother becomes king."
1-Who said this? To whom?
2-Was there a problem about who would be King? What was that problem?
3-Who did the addressed person sympathize with? يتعاطف مع Why?
9-"What's the matter, Johann? This gentleman's come to our country to see the coronation."
1-Who said these words?
2-Who was Johann?
3-What happened to Johann when he saw that gentleman? Why?
10-"Sir, have you ever seen our King?"
1-Who said these words? To whom?
2-What was the other person's answer to this question?
3-Why did the speaker ask this question?
C)Find the mistake in each of the following sentences:
1-Rose praised Rudolf Rassendyll for doing many useful things.
2-Rassendyll enjoyed an important position in society: his brother was the Duke of Strelsau and his sister-in-law was a countess.
3-Rose's family were richer and more important than the Rassendylls.
4-Rassendyll studied at a French school and a French university.
5-Rassendyll didn't know how to speak any languages except English and German.
6-Rassendyll was neither good with a sword nor with a gun.
7-Rose thought that there was no difference between Rudolf and her husband apart from ماعدا Rudolf's red hair.
8-Rassendyll refused Sir Jacob Borrodaile's offer to work for him as he was lazy.
9-Rassendyll decided to do nothing and relax during the six months before his new job would start.
10-In 1733, Countess Rose married a member of the Ruritanian royal family.
11-Lord Burlesdon had paintings of Countess Amelia Rassendyll and her ancestors.
12-Rassendyll read that Rudolf the Fourth was to become King of Ruritania.
13-Rassendyll told Rose he was going walking in the Alps as he didn't want her to think he was being lazy.
14-Rose and Robert discouraged Rassendyll from writing a book.
15-Uncle William always said that no man should ever pass Dresden without spending twenty-four hours in the city.
16-George was Rassendyll's old friend who was a famous journalist in Paris.
17-People said that the King of Ruritania was his father's favourite son.
18-Rassendyll told George Featherly about his visit to Ruritania.
19-Rassendyll saw Antoinette du Mauban in the dining car on the train to Dresden.
20-In Ruritania, Rassendyll read in the newspaper that the King's coronation was to be in three weeks' time.
21-Zenda was a small town 10 km from Strelsau and 80 km from the border.